diff --git a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Dialect.hs b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Dialect.hs
index 0e1f9ee..11912f0 100644
--- a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Dialect.hs
+++ b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Dialect.hs
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ data Dialect = Dialect
     ,diNonCommaSeparatedConstraints :: Bool
      -- | allow marking tables as "without rowid"
     ,diWithoutRowidTables :: Bool
+     -- | allow mixing in DEFAULT clauses with other constraints
+    ,diDefaultClausesAsConstraints :: Bool
     }
                deriving (Eq,Show,Read,Data,Typeable)
 
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ ansi2011 = Dialect {diKeywords = ansi2011ReservedKeywords
                    ,diAutoincrement = False
                    ,diNonCommaSeparatedConstraints = False
                    ,diWithoutRowidTables = False
+                   ,diDefaultClausesAsConstraints = False
                    }
 
 -- | mysql dialect
diff --git a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Parse.hs b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Parse.hs
index 1dcb5e4..bd01394 100644
--- a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Parse.hs
+++ b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Parse.hs
@@ -1738,22 +1738,7 @@ createIndex =
 
 columnDef :: Parser ColumnDef
 columnDef = ColumnDef <$> name "column name" <*> typeName
-            <*> optional defaultClause
             <*> option [] (some colConstraintDef)
-  where
-    defaultClause = label "column default clause" $ choice [
-        keyword_ "default" >>
-        DefaultClause <$> scalarExpr
-        -- todo: left factor
-       ,try (keywords_ ["generated","always","as"] >>
-             GenerationClause <$> parens scalarExpr)
-       ,keyword_ "generated" >>
-        IdentityColumnSpec
-        <$> (GeneratedAlways <$ keyword_ "always"
-             <|> GeneratedByDefault <$ keywords_ ["by", "default"])
-        <*> (keywords_ ["as", "identity"] *>
-             option [] (parens sequenceGeneratorOptions))
-       ]
 
 tableConstraintDef :: Parser (Maybe [Name], TableConstraint)
 tableConstraintDef =
@@ -1802,7 +1787,14 @@ colConstraintDef :: Parser ColConstraintDef
 colConstraintDef =
     ColConstraintDef
     <$> optional (keyword_ "constraint" *> names "constraint name")
-    <*> (nullable <|> notNull <|> unique <|> primaryKey <|> check <|> references)
+    <*> (nullable
+          <|> notNull
+          <|> unique
+          <|> primaryKey
+          <|> check
+          <|> references
+          <|> defaultClause
+        )
   where
     nullable = ColNullableConstraint <$ keyword "null"
     notNull = ColNotNullConstraint <$ keywords_ ["not", "null"]
@@ -1821,6 +1813,20 @@ colConstraintDef =
         <*> optional (parens $ name "column name")
         <*> refMatch
         <*> refActions
+    defaultClause = label "column default clause" $
+        ColDefaultClause <$> choice
+          [keyword_ "default"
+             >> DefaultClause <$> scalarExpr
+          -- todo: left factor
+          ,try (keywords_ ["generated","always","as"] >>
+             GenerationClause <$> parens scalarExpr)
+          ,keyword_ "generated" >>
+            IdentityColumnSpec
+            <$> (GeneratedAlways <$ keyword_ "always"
+                <|> GeneratedByDefault <$ keywords_ ["by", "default"])
+            <*> (keywords_ ["as", "identity"] *>
+                option [] (parens sequenceGeneratorOptions))
+          ]
 
 -- slightly hacky parser for signed integers
 
diff --git a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Pretty.hs b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Pretty.hs
index f1abd42..5b902aa 100644
--- a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Pretty.hs
+++ b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Pretty.hs
@@ -699,23 +699,8 @@ dropBehav Restrict = pretty "restrict"
 
 
 columnDef :: Dialect -> ColumnDef -> Doc a
-columnDef d (ColumnDef n t mdef cons) =
+columnDef d (ColumnDef n t cons) =
       name n <+> typeName t
-      <+> case mdef of
-             Nothing -> mempty
-             Just (DefaultClause def) ->
-                 pretty "default" <+> scalarExpr d def
-             Just (GenerationClause e) ->
-                 texts ["generated","always","as"] <+> parens (scalarExpr d e)
-             Just (IdentityColumnSpec w o) ->
-                 pretty "generated"
-                 <+> (case w of
-                         GeneratedAlways -> pretty "always"
-                         GeneratedByDefault -> pretty "by" <+> pretty "default")
-                 <+> pretty "as" <+> pretty "identity"
-                 <+> (case o of
-                         [] -> mempty
-                         os -> parens (sep $ map sequenceGeneratorOption os))
       <+> sep (map cdef cons)
   where
     cdef (ColConstraintDef cnm con) =
@@ -735,6 +720,20 @@ columnDef d (ColumnDef n t mdef cons) =
         <+> refMatch m
         <+> refAct "update" u
         <+> refAct "delete" del
+    pcon (ColDefaultClause clause) = case clause of
+        DefaultClause def ->
+            pretty "default" <+> scalarExpr d def
+        GenerationClause e ->
+            texts ["generated","always","as"] <+> parens (scalarExpr d e)
+        IdentityColumnSpec w o ->
+            pretty "generated"
+            <+> (case w of
+                    GeneratedAlways -> pretty "always"
+                    GeneratedByDefault -> pretty "by" <+> pretty "default")
+            <+> pretty "as" <+> pretty "identity"
+            <+> (case o of
+                    [] -> mempty
+                    os -> parens (sep $ map sequenceGeneratorOption os))
 
 sequenceGeneratorOption :: SequenceGeneratorOption -> Doc a
 sequenceGeneratorOption (SGODataType t) =
diff --git a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Syntax.hs b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Syntax.hs
index e2955a4..5131869 100644
--- a/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Syntax.hs
+++ b/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Syntax.hs
@@ -554,7 +554,6 @@ data TableElement =
     deriving (Eq,Show,Read,Data,Typeable)
 
 data ColumnDef = ColumnDef Name TypeName
-       (Maybe DefaultClause)
        [ColConstraintDef]
        -- (Maybe CollateClause)
     deriving (Eq,Show,Read,Data,Typeable)
@@ -576,6 +575,7 @@ data ColConstraint =
        ReferentialAction
        ReferentialAction
   | ColCheckConstraint ScalarExpr
+  | ColDefaultClause DefaultClause
     deriving (Eq,Show,Read,Data,Typeable)
 
 data TableConstraint =
diff --git a/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Oracle.hs b/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Oracle.hs
index 79edf1e..adc9ca7 100644
--- a/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Oracle.hs
+++ b/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/Oracle.hs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ oracleLobUnits = Group "oracleLobUnits"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
        [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a")
         (PrecLengthTypeName [Name Nothing "varchar2"] 55 Nothing (Just PrecOctets))
-        Nothing []]
+        []]
        False
     ]
 
diff --git a/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/SQL2011Schema.hs b/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/SQL2011Schema.hs
index 02724c2..a7c84b7 100644
--- a/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/SQL2011Schema.hs
+++ b/tests/Language/SQL/SimpleSQL/SQL2011Schema.hs
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ add schema element support:
 
     ,s "create table t (a int, b int);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []]
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []]
        False
 
 
@@ -327,35 +327,35 @@ todo: constraint characteristics
     ,s
       "create table t (a int not null);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing ColNotNullConstraint]]
        False
 
     ,s
       "create table t (a int constraint a_not_null not null);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef (Just [Name Nothing "a_not_null"]) ColNotNullConstraint]]
        False
 
     ,s
       "create table t (a int unique);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing ColUniqueConstraint]]
        False
 
     ,s
       "create table t (a int primary key);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing (ColPrimaryKeyConstraint False)]]
        False
 
     ,testStatement ansi2011{ diAutoincrement = True }
       "create table t (a int primary key autoincrement);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing (ColPrimaryKeyConstraint True)]]
        False
 
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          DefaultReferentialAction DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u(a));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] (Just $ Name Nothing "a") DefaultReferenceMatch
          DefaultReferentialAction DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u match full);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing MatchFull
          DefaultReferentialAction DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u match partial);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing MatchPartial
          DefaultReferentialAction DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u match simple);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing MatchSimple
          DefaultReferentialAction DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on update cascade );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          RefCascade DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on update set null );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          RefSetNull DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on update set default );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          RefSetDefault DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on update no action );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          RefNoAction DefaultReferentialAction]]
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on delete cascade );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          DefaultReferentialAction RefCascade]]
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on update cascade on delete restrict );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          RefCascade RefRestrict]]
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ references t(a,b)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int references u on delete restrict on update cascade );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing $ ColReferencesConstraint
          [Name Nothing "u"] Nothing DefaultReferenceMatch
          RefCascade RefRestrict]]
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ options
     ,s
       "create table t (a int check (a>5));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
         [ColConstraintDef Nothing
          (ColCheckConstraint $ BinOp (Iden [Name Nothing "a"]) [Name Nothing ">"] (NumLit "5"))]]
        False
@@ -502,13 +502,17 @@ options
     ,s "create table t (a int generated always as identity);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
        [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
-        (Just $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedAlways []) []]
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedAlways []]]
        False
 
     ,s "create table t (a int generated by default as identity);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
        [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
-        (Just $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedByDefault []) []]
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedByDefault []]]
        False
 
 
@@ -517,12 +521,14 @@ options
       \  ( start with 5 increment by 5 maxvalue 500 minvalue 5 cycle ));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
        [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
-        (Just $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedAlways
-         [SGOStartWith 5
-         ,SGOIncrementBy 5
-         ,SGOMaxValue 500
-         ,SGOMinValue 5
-         ,SGOCycle]) []]
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedAlways
+          [SGOStartWith 5
+          ,SGOIncrementBy 5
+          ,SGOMaxValue 500
+          ,SGOMinValue 5
+          ,SGOCycle]]]
        False
 
     ,s
@@ -530,11 +536,13 @@ options
       \  ( start with -4 no maxvalue no minvalue no cycle ));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
        [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
-        (Just $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedAlways
-         [SGOStartWith (-4)
-         ,SGONoMaxValue
-         ,SGONoMinValue
-         ,SGONoCycle]) []]
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ IdentityColumnSpec GeneratedAlways
+          [SGOStartWith (-4)
+          ,SGONoMaxValue
+          ,SGONoMinValue
+          ,SGONoCycle]]]
        False
 
 {-
@@ -560,10 +568,11 @@ generated always (valueexpr)
       "create table t (a int, \n\
       \                a2 int generated always as (a * 2));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a2") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
-        (Just $ GenerationClause
-         (BinOp (Iden [Name Nothing "a"]) [Name Nothing "*"] (NumLit "2"))) []]
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ GenerationClause (BinOp (Iden [Name Nothing "a"]) [Name Nothing "*"] (NumLit "2"))]]
        False
 
 
@@ -592,7 +601,9 @@ generated always (valueexpr)
     ,s "create table t (a int default 0);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
        [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
-        (Just $ DefaultClause $ NumLit "0") []]
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ DefaultClause $ NumLit "0"]]
        False
 
 
@@ -627,7 +638,7 @@ generated always (valueexpr)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int, unique (a));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef Nothing $ TableUniqueConstraint [Name Nothing "a"]
         ]
        False
@@ -635,7 +646,7 @@ generated always (valueexpr)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int, constraint a_unique unique (a));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef (Just [Name Nothing "a_unique"]) $
             TableUniqueConstraint [Name Nothing "a"]
         ]
@@ -646,8 +657,8 @@ generated always (valueexpr)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int, b int, unique (a,b));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef Nothing $
             TableUniqueConstraint [Name Nothing "a", Name Nothing "b"]
         ]
@@ -656,8 +667,8 @@ generated always (valueexpr)
     ,s
       "create table t (a int, b int, primary key (a,b));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef Nothing $
             TablePrimaryKeyConstraint [Name Nothing "a", Name Nothing "b"]
         ]
@@ -684,8 +695,8 @@ defintely skip
       "create table t (a int, b int,\n\
       \                foreign key (a,b) references u(c,d) match full on update cascade on delete restrict );"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef Nothing $
             TableReferencesConstraint
                 [Name Nothing "a", Name Nothing "b"]
@@ -699,7 +710,7 @@ defintely skip
       "create table t (a int,\n\
       \                constraint tfku1 foreign key (a) references u);"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef (Just [Name Nothing "tfku1"]) $
             TableReferencesConstraint
                 [Name Nothing "a"]
@@ -714,8 +725,8 @@ defintely skip
       \                foreign key (a) references u(c)\n\
       \                foreign key (b) references v(d));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef Nothing $
             TableReferencesConstraint
                 [Name Nothing "a"]
@@ -735,8 +746,28 @@ defintely skip
     ,testStatement ansi2011{ diWithoutRowidTables = True }
       "create table t (a int) without rowid;"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []]
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []]
        True
+    ,testStatement ansi2011{ diDefaultClausesAsConstraints = True }
+      "create table t (a int default 1 default 2);"
+     $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ DefaultClause $ NumLit "1"
+        ,ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ DefaultClause $ NumLit "2"]]
+       False
+    ,testStatement ansi2011{ diDefaultClausesAsConstraints = True }
+      "create table t (a int not null default 2);"
+     $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"])
+        [ColConstraintDef Nothing ColNotNullConstraint
+        ,ColConstraintDef Nothing
+         $ ColDefaultClause
+         $ DefaultClause $ NumLit "2"]]
+       False
 
 
 {-
@@ -798,8 +829,8 @@ defintely skip
       "create table t (a int, b int, \n\
       \                check (a > b));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef Nothing $
             TableCheckConstraint
             (BinOp (Iden [Name Nothing "a"]) [Name Nothing ">"] (Iden [Name Nothing "b"]))
@@ -811,8 +842,8 @@ defintely skip
       "create table t (a int, b int, \n\
       \                constraint agtb check (a > b));"
      $ CreateTable [Name Nothing "t"]
-       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
-       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       [TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
+       ,TableColumnDef $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "b") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
        ,TableConstraintDef (Just [Name Nothing "agtb"]) $
             TableCheckConstraint
             (BinOp (Iden [Name Nothing "a"]) [Name Nothing ">"] (Iden [Name Nothing "b"]))
@@ -854,7 +885,7 @@ alter table t add a int unique not null check (a>0)
     ,s
       "alter table t add column a int"
      $ AlterTable [Name Nothing "t"] $ AddColumnDef
-       $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) Nothing []
+       $ ColumnDef (Name Nothing "a") (TypeName [Name Nothing "int"]) []
 
 {-
 todo: more add column